Model system · Kaldenkirchen waterworks

A cross-section through the Niederrhein production aquifer.

Geologisches Fenster NO₃⁻ SO₄²⁻ Cl⁻ pH < 6.5 calcite-aggressive
Aquifer — sand & gravel (Kiese und Sande) Aquitard — clay & silt (Tegelen, Reuver-B) Groundwater table ▽ Water table marker Pies — 2005 hydrochemistry (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO₃, SO₄, Cl, NO₃, Fe)

Tap any button to add an overlay. The base figure is the Kaldenkirchen III profile (line I–J, SW to NE) reproduced from Kandemiroglu (2011, RUB M.Sc. thesis, Abb. 2.7). The production wells TB 4, TB 2, TB 3 correspond to KTB 4, KTB 2, KTB 3 in the companion publication (Wisotzky, Kandemiroglu & Plassmann, 2012, gwf-Wasser|Abwasser). KTB 4 is the only Kaldenkirchen well above the 20 µg/L drinking-water limit for nickel.